Liste des articles parus de 2021 à 2023

Liste des articles parus de 2021 à 2023

Liste des articles parus de 2021 à 2023

 

Liste des articles parus 2021

1. El Ati, J., Doggui, R., & Ati-Hellal, E. (2021). A successful pilot experiment of salt reduction in tunisian bread: 35% gradual decrease of salt content without detection by consumers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1590.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33567538/

2. Al-Jawaldeh, A., Taktouk, M., Chatila, A., Naalbandian, S., Abdollahi, Z., Ajlan, B., Al Hamad, N., Alkhalaf, M. M., Almamary, S., Alobaid, R., Alyafei, S. A., Azizi, M. H., Baqadir, N. M., Barham, R., Binsunaid, F. F., El Ammari, L., El Ati, J., Hoteit, M., Massad, H., Nejad, M. S., and Nasreddine, L.. (2021). A Systematic Review of Trans Fat Reduction Initiatives in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Frontiers in nutrition, 8.

3. Doggui, R., Aounallah-Skhiri, H., Traissac, P., and El Ati, J. (2021). An overview on the nutrition transition and its health implications: Tunisia case. The North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 4(3), 75-86.

4. Al-Jawaldeh, A., Taktouk, M., Doggui, R., Abdollahi, Z., Achakzai, B., Aguenaou, H., Al-Halaika, M., Almamary, S., Barham, R., Coulibaly-Zerbo, F., Ammari, L. E., El Ati, J., Nishtar, N. A., Omidvar, N., Shams, M. Q., Qureshi, A. B., and Nasreddine, L. (2021). Are countries of the eastern mediterranean region on track towards meeting the world health assembly target for anemia? A review of evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 2449.

5. Thabet, M., Fouchali, T., & El Ati, J. (2021). Assessing the SAIN, LIM nutrient profile of foods sold by fast food restaurants in Tunisia: Exploring ways for improvement. Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme, 35(2), 116-122.

6. Saad, F., Rogers, L., Doggui, R., & Al-Jawaldeh, A. (2021). Assessment of Vitamin A Supplementation Practices in Countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Evidence to Implementation. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 67(1), 1-12.

7. Doggui, R., Elsawy, W., Conti, A. A., and Baldacchino, A. (2021). Association between chronic psychoactive substances use and systemic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 125, 208-220.

8. Dogui, D., Doggui, R., El Ati, J., and Ati-Hellal, E. (2021). Association between Overweight and Diet Diversity Score: A Cross-Sectional Study Conducted among Tunisian Children. Children, 8(7), 536.

9. Ben Jemaa, H., Nefla, A., Bouragaoui, Z., & Nouira, S. (2021). Breeding biology of the Eleonora's falcon, Falco eleonorae within the Galite archipelago. Biologia, 76(5), 1491-1499.

10. Khiari, H., Mallekh, R., Cherif, I., and Hsairi, M. (2021). Burden of non-communicable diseases in Tunisia, 1990-2017: results from the global burden of disease study. The Pan African Medical Journal, 40.

11. Global Burden of Disease 2019 Cancer Collaboration ( Hsairi M est membre).. (2021). Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

12. Rejaibi, S., Barbouch, F., Kaddour, N., Mrabet, A., and Aounallah-Skhiri, H. (2021). Colorectal cancer mass screening, Tunisia 2019. Evaluation of a pilot program in the Tunis region (Tunisia, 2019). La Tunisie medicale, 99(1), 158-167.

13. Khiari, H., Cherif, I., M'ghirbi, F., Mezlini, A., and Hsairi, M. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance and Its Associated Factors among Cancer Patients in Tunisia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 22(11), 3499-3506.

14. Hemissi, I., Boussetta, S., Dallali, H., Hellal, F., Durand, G., Voegele, C., Ayed, H., Zaghbib, S., Naimi, Z., Ayadi, M., Chebil, M., McKay, J., Le Calvez-Kelm, F., and Ouerhani, S. (2021). Development of a custom next-generation sequencing panel for the determination of bladder cancer risk in a Tunisian cohort. Molecular biology reports, 1-26.

15. GBD 2019 Adolescent Mortality Collaborators (Hsairi M est membre).(2021). Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10-24 years, 1950-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 398(10311), 1593-1618.
16. GBD 2019 HIV Collaborators (Hsairi M est membre). (2021). Global, regional, and national sex-specific burden and control of the HIV epidemic, 1990-2019, for 204 countries and territories: the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. The Lancet HIV, 8(10), e633-e651.
17. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC, El Ati, J et Aounallah-Skhiri, H. sont membres du groupe régional). (2021). Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight. Elife, 10, e60060.
18. Saidi, O., Malouche, D., Saksena, P., Arfaoui, L., Talmoudi, K., Hchaichi, A., Bouguerra, H., Romdhane, H. B., Hsairi, M., Ouhichi, R., Souteyrand, Y., and Alaya, N. B. (2021). Impact of contact tracing, respect of isolation, and lockdown in reducing the number of cases infected with COVID-19. Case study: Tunisia's response from March 22 to May 4, 2020. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 113, 26-33.
19. Mahjoub, F., Ben Jemaa, H., Ben Sabeh, F., Ben Amor, N., Gamoudi, A., and Jamoussi, H. (2021). Impact of nutrients and Mediterranean diet on the occurrence of gestational diabetes. Libyan Journal of Medicine, 16(1).
20. Bhattacharjee, N. V., Schaeffer, L. E., Hay, S. I. (2021) and Local Burden of Disease Exclusive Breastfeeding Collaborators (Hsairi M est membre). Mapping inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding in low-and middle-income countries, 2000-2018. Nature human behaviour, 5(8), 1027-1045.
21. Doggui, R., Al-Jawaldeh, H., El Ati, J., Barham, R., Nasreddine, L., Alqaoud, N., Aguenaou, H., El Ammari, L., Jabbour, J., and Al-Jawaldeh, A. (2021). Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Micro-and Macro-Nutrient Intakes and Trajectories of Macro-Nutrient Supply in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Nutrients, 13(5), 1515.
22. Doggui, R., Gallant, F., & Bélanger, M. (2021). Parental control and support for physical activity predict adolescents' moderate to vigorous physical activity over five years. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18(1), 1-10.
23. Ben Cherifa, F., El Ati, J., Doggui, R., Ati-Hellal, E., and Traissac, P. (2021). Prevalence of high HDL cholesterol and its associated factors among Tunisian women of childbearing age: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), 5461.
24. El Ati, J., Doggui, R., Ben Gharbia, H., & Ati-Hellal, E. (2021). Prevalence of Hypertension and Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Score in Childbearing Age Tunisian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. BioMed Research International, 2021.
25. Mlika, M., Saidi, A., Mejri, N., Abdennadher, M., Haddouchi, C., Labidi, S., Khiari, H., Boussen, H., Hsairi, M., and Mezni, F. (2021). Prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in non-small cell lung carcinomas. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals.
26. El Kouki, D., El Kari, K., Ben Jemaa, H., Draoui, J., Oueslati, S., Chichi, S., Jamoussi, H., Agnuenaou, H., Aouidet, A., and Mankaï, A. (2021). Relevance of body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis vs. deuterium dilution technique to assess excess of fat among young adults. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 57(2), 193-203.

27. Khiari, H., Mallekh, R., and Hsairi, M. (2021). Strategies of the Maghreb countries in the fight against cancer. La Tunisie medicale, 99(1), 148-157.

28. Megdiche, M., Ben Mansour, N., Ben Zina, B., Lassoued, F., Hadj Amor, S., Rahay, H., and Aounallah Skhiri, H. (2021). The path to Family Medicine in Tunisia. Strategic analysis. La Tunisie Medicale, 99(1), 80-88
29. Doggui, R., Ward, S., Johnson, C., & Bélanger, M. (2021). Trajectories of Eating Behaviour Changes during Adolescence. Nutrients, 13(4), 1313.
30. Alqaoud, N., Al-Jawaldeh, A., Al-Anazi, F., Subhakaran, M., and Doggui, R. (2021). Trend and Causes of Overweight and Obesity among Pre-School Children in Kuwait. Children, 8(6), 524.
31. Doggui, R., El Ati, J., Sassi, S., Ben Gharbia, H., Al-Jawaldeh, A., and El Ati-Hellal, M. (2021). Unbalanced intakes of sodium and potassium among Tunisian adults: A cross-sectional study. Food Science & Nutrition, 9(4), 2234-2246.
32. Doggui, R., Adib, K., & Baldacchino, A. (2021). Understanding Fatal and Non-Fatal Drug Overdose Risk Factors: Overdose Risk Questionnaire Pilot Study-Validation. Frontiers in pharmacology, 2195.
33. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC, Jalila El Ati et Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri sont membres du groupe régional). (2021). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. The Lancet, 398(10304), 957-980.

 

 
Liste des articles parus 2022

1. Bookari K, Arrish J, Zaher S, Alkhalaf M, Alharbi M, Alkhattaf N, et al. A Snapshot of the Experience of Dietitians during the COVID-19 Crisis in Five Arab Countries: Findings from a Regional Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. janv 2022;14(22):4904.

2. Kaddech N, Guelmami N, Bonsaksen T, Doggui R, Beji C, El Ati J. Adaptation and Psychometric Evidence of the ARABIC Version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (A-DSMQ). In: Healthcare [Internet]. MDPI; 2022 [cité 9 mars 2024]. p. 951.

3. Silini A, Rejaibi S, Zid M, Zoghlami N, Mallekh R, Ben Slema I, et al. Alarming trends in Tobacco use in high school Tunisian adolescents: MedSPAD2013-2021. European Journal of Public Health. 2022;32(Supplement_3):ckac131-216.

4. Turki S, Bouzekri K, Trabelsi T, El Ati J. Assessment of Mediterranean diet adherence and lifestyle change during COVID-19 national lockdown in Tunisian adult population. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):4151.

5. Kocarnik JM, Compton K, Dean FE, Fu W, Gaw BL, Harvey JD, et al. Cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years for 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019. JAMA oncology. 2022;8(3):420?44.

6. Rejaibi S, Zribi M, Silini A, Zid M, Zoghlami N, Mallekh R, et al. Cannabis use in Tunisian adolescents: Alarming trends from 2013 to 2021. European Journal of Public Health. 2022;32(Supplement_3):ckac131-221.

7. Lamy E, Viegas C, Rocha A, Lucas MR, Tavares S, e Silva FC, et al. Changes in food behavior during the first lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country study about changes in eating habits, motivations, and food-related behaviors. Food quality and preference. 2022;99:104559.

8. Imen H, Sami B, Hamza D, Faycel H, Geoffroy D, Voegele C, et al. Correction to: Development of a custom next-generation sequencing panel for the determination of bladder cancer risk in a Tunisian cohort. Molecular Biology Reports. 2022;49(2):1259?1259.

9. Elbassuoni S, Ghattas H, El Ati J, Shmayssani Z, Katerji S, Zoughbi Y, et al. DeepNOVA: A Deep learning NOVA classifier for food images. IEEE Access. 2022;10:128523?35.

10. Bouhamida M, Lazrak M, Lahmam H, Lachguer SA, Guennoun Y, El Ammari L, et al. Determination of salt content in traditional and industrial Moroccan white bread by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pan African Medical Journal

11. Hudda MT, Wells JC, Adair LS, Alvero-Cruz JR, Ashby-Thompson MN, Ballesteros-Vásquez MN, et al. External validation of a prediction model for estimating fat mass in children and adolescents in 19 countries: individual participant data meta-analysis. bmj [Internet]. 2022 [cité 9 mars 2024];378.

12. Gaillard C, Verger EO, Dury S, Dop MC, El Ati J, Group MS. Farm production diversity and women's dietary diversity: Evidence from central Tunisia. PLoS One. 2022;17(2):e0263276.

13. Collaborators G 2019 A. Global, regional, and national burden of diseases and injuries for adults 70 years and older: systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. bmj [Internet]. 2022 [cité 9 mars 2024];376.

14. Miller V, Reedy J, Cudhea F, Zhang J, Shi P, Erndt-Marino J, et al. Global, regional, and national consumption of animal-source foods between 1990 and 2018: findings from the Global Dietary Database. The Lancet Planetary Health. 2022;6(3):e243?56.
15. Turki S, Bouzekri K, Trabelsi T, El Ati J. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on food habits, appetite and body weight in Tunisian adults. Journal of Nutritional Science. 2022;11:e60.
16. Karmous I, Doggui R, Khan AS, Amor NB, Khan NA, Jamoussi H. Is fat taste associated with diet quality? A cross-sectional study conducted among Tunisian adults. Appetite. 2022;176:106138.
17. Kechaou-Cherif S, Hsairi M, Bouratbine A, Benkahla A, Khoufi S, Aoun K. Knowledge of malaria and preventive attitudes of Tunisian travellers toward malaria endemic areas. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2022;41:223?223.
18. Rejaibi S, Zoghalami N, Silini A, Ben Slama I, Skhiri A, Mariem I, et al. Leading causes of death in Tunisia, 2020. European Journal of Public Health. 2022;32(Supplement_3):ckac131-218.
19. Frostad JJ, Nguyen QP, Baumann MM, Blacker BF, Marczak LB, Deshpande A, et al. Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000-18: a geospatial modelling study. The Lancet global health. 2022;10(10):e1395-411.
20. Cherif I, Khiari H, Mallekh R, Hsairi M. Mortality attributable to tobacco in Tunisian adults, 2016. 2022 [cité 9 mars 2024]; Disponible sur:
https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20220317217

21. Silini A, Rejaibi S, Zid M, Zoghlami N, Ben Slema I, Mallekh R, et al. Nonmedical use of anxiolytics among Tunisian students: Connecting the dots from 2013 to 2021. European Journal of Public Health. 2022;32(Supplement_3):ckac131-217.

22. Gaillard C, Bosc PM, El-Ati J, Dury S. Pathways leading women in farming households to food security: an empirical study in Central Tunisia. Rev Agric Food Environ Stud. mars 2022;103(1):51?76.
23. Ouali U, Aissa A, Rjaibi S, Zoghlami N, Zgueb Y, Larnaout A, et al. Prevalence of Mood Disorders and Associated Factors at the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Potocol for a Community Survey in La Manouba Governorate, Tunisia. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health: CP & EMH [Internet]. 2022
24. Ghattas H, Jamaluddine Z, Semaan A, El-Helou N, Safadi G, Elghossain T, et al. School and community drivers of child diets in two Arab cities: the SCALE protocol and innovative tools to assess children's food environments. Plos one. 2022;17(7):e0264963.
25. Alvarez EM, Force LM, Xu R, Compton K, Lu D, Henrikson HJ, et al. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Oncology. 2022;23(1):27?52.
26- Dogui D, Doggui R, Al-Jawaldeh A, El Ati J, El Ati-Hellal M. Ultra-Processed Foods Are the Major Sources of Total Fat, Saturated and Trans-Fatty Acids among Tunisian Preschool and School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children (Basel) 2022 Jan 19;9(2):126. doi: 10.3390/children9020126
Liste des articles parus 2023
1. Ben Mansour N, Rejaibi S, Sassi Mahfoudh A, Ben Youssef S, Ben Romdhane H, Schmidt M, et al. Adapting waterpipe-specific pictorial health warning labels to the Tunisian context using a mixed method approach. Plos one. 2023;18(3):e0279014.
2. Doggui R, McCormick BJ, Caulfield LE, Schulze KJ, Murray-Kolb LE, Investigators MEN. Adequacy of Iodine Status and Associations with Gut Health: A Prospective Cohort Study among Infants in 8 Low-and Middle-Income Countries. The Journal of Nutrition. 2023;153(3):828?38.
3. Neffati A, Rejaibi S, Silini A, N Z, Mansour N, Skhiri A, et al. Association between weight status and health related quality of life in Tunisian adults, 2016. In 2023.
4. Azadnajafabad S, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Mohammadi E, Rezaei N, Rashidi MM, Rezaei N, et al. Burden of breast cancer and attributable risk factors in the North Africa and Middle East region, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Frontiers in Oncology. 2023;13:1132816.
5. Mallekh R, Khiari H, Hammami O, Hsairi M. Burden of cancer attributable to insufficient physical activity in Tunisia. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2023;29(2):110?8.
6. Mallekh R, Rejaibi S, Silini A, Zid M, Slema IB, Zoghlami N, et al. Cannabis use in Tunisian high school adolescents: MedSPAD 2021. European Psychiatry. mars 2023;66(S1):S530?S530.
7. Elbassuoni S, Ghattas H, El Ati J, Zoughby Y, Semaan A, Akl C, et al. Capturing children food exposure using wearable cameras and deep learning. PLOS Digital Health. 27 mars 2023;2(3):e0000211.
8. Miller V, Webb P, Cudhea F, Zhang J, Reedy J, Shi P, et al. Children's and adolescents' rising animal-source food intakes in 1990-2018 were impacted by age, region, parental education and urbanicity. Nature food. 2023;4(4):305?19.
9. El Kouki D, El Kari K, Draoui J, Ben Jemaa H, Ben Amor N, Monyeki A, et al. Development and validation of anthropometric predictive equations that estimate the total body water and fat-free mass in Tunisian adults. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2023;77(4):447?53.
10. Anu Mishra, Bin Zhou, Andrea Rodriguez-Martinez, Honor Bixby, Rosie K. Singleton, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Kate E. Sheffer, Christopher J. Paciorek, James E. Bennett, et al. Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development. Nature. 2023;615(7954):874?83.
11. Rejaibi S, Silini A, Neffati A, N Z, Zribi M, Mansour N, et al. Double burden of malnutrition in Tunisian youth association with social determinants of health. 2016 Obesity Facts 2023 SCOPUS
12. Silini A, Rejaibi S, N N, Neffati A, N Z, Mansour N, et al. Epidemiological overview of Hypertension in adults?: Tunisian Health Examination Survey, 2016. In 2023.
13. Rejaibi S, Silini A, Neffati A, N Z, Mansour N, Skhiri A, et al. Epidemiological patterns of abdominal obesity in Tunisian high educated adults, 2016. In 2023.
14. Silini A, Rejaibi S, Zid M, Ben Slema I, Mallekh R, Zoghlami N, et al. Epidemiological patterns of new psychoactive substances use in Tunisian school adolescents, 2021. Eur Psychiatr. mars 2023;66(S1):S531-S531.
15. Zribi M, Mansour NB, Moussa H, Hassine HB, Aounallah-Skhiri H. Experiences and perceptions of health professionals towards the quality of care for people living with HIV in Tunisia: a qualitative study. Pan Afr Med J. 6 sept 2023;46:4.
16. Balhi S, Khiari H, Hsairi M. Factors Associated with Diagnostic Delays among Tunisian Breast Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2023;24(2):471?7.
17. Rejaibi, S; Silini, A; Zid, M; Mallekh, R; I Ben Slema; et al.. Gender gap in nonmedical use of anxiolytics among high school adolescents: Tunisia, 2021. European Psychiatry; Paris Vol. 66, N° S1, (Mar 2023): S530-S530.
18. Zhou B, Sheffer KE, Bennett JE, Gregg EW, Danaei G, Singleton RK, et al. Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c. Nat Med. nov 2023;29(11):2885-901.
19. O'Hearn M, Lara-Castor L, Cudhea F, Miller V, Reedy J, Shi P, et al. Incident type 2 diabetes attributable to suboptimal diet in 184 countries. Nat Med. avr 2023;29(4):982-95.
20. Karmous I, Sayed Khan A, Sahnoun I, Ben Othman R, Ben Jemaa H, Mahjoub F, et al. Loss of Sour Taste Is the Striking Feature among Four Basic Taste Qualities in Tunisian COVID-19 Patients. Journal of Clinical Medicine. janv 2023;12(2):597.
21. Rejaibi S, N Z, Silini A, Neffati A, Skhiri A, I B, et al. Overview on diabetes mellitus mortality statistics in Tunisia, 2020. In 2023
22. Bookari K, Arrish J, Alkhalaf MM, Alharbi MH, Alotaibi HM, Tayyem R, et al. Perspectives and practices of dietitians with regards to social/mass media use during the transitions from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey in 10 Arab countries. Front Public Health [Internet]. 3 mai 2023
23. Rejaibi S, Silini A, Neffati A, N Z, Skhiri A, I B, et al. Premature mortality related to cardiovascular diseases in Tunisia, 2020. In 2023.
24. Rejaibi S, Silini A, Neffati A, Zoghlami N, et al. Prevalence and associated factors to alcohol use in Tunisian high school adolescents: MedSPAD 2021 - ProQuest. May 2023
25. Silini A, Rejaibi S, Zid M, Youssef SB, Zoghlami N, Mallekh R, et al. Prevalence and associated factors to cigarette smoking among school adolescents in Tunisia, 2021. European Psychiatry. mars 2023;66(S1):S865?6.
26. Dogui D, Doggui R, El Ati J, El Ati-Hellal M. Prevalence of Breakfast Skippers among Tunisian Preschool and School Children and Association with Weight Status: A Cross-Sectional Study. Children. févr 2023;10(2):392.
27. Zribi M, Zoghlami N, El Ati J, Traissac P, Aounallah-Skhiri H. Prevalence of overweight among Tunisian adolescents: Trend analysis 1996-2016. European Journal of Public Health. 2023;33(Supplement_2):ckad160-1256.
28. Zribi M, Rejaibi S, Zid M, Silini A, Zoghlami N, Mallekh R, et al. Psychoactive substances use among Tunisian adolescents: Trend analysis 2013-2021. European Journal of Public Health. 1 oct 2023;33(Supplement_2):ckad160.1260.
29. Lara-Castor L, Micha R, Cudhea F, Miller V, Shi P, Zhang J, et al. Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes among adults between 1990 and 2018 in 185 countries. Nat Commun. 3 oct 2023;14(1):5957.
Publications dans des revues scientifiques non indéxéses (à comités de lecture)
Publications dans des revues scientifiques non indéxéses (à comités de lecture)